Takaitawa

A cikin 2021, cikin gidabaturin ajiyar makamashijigilar kayayyaki za su kai 48GWh, karuwar shekara-shekara na sau 2.6.

Tun lokacin da kasar Sin ta ba da shawarar hadafin carbon guda biyu a shekarar 2021, bunkasa sabbin masana'antun makamashi na cikin gida kamar iska da iska.ajiyar hasken rana da sabon makamashiababen hawa suna canzawa kowace rana.A matsayin muhimmiyar hanya don cimma burin carbon dual, na gidamakamashi ajiyaHaka kuma za ta samar da kyakkyawan lokaci na manufofi da ci gaban kasuwa.A cikin 2021, godiya ga haɓakar ƙarfin da aka shigar na ketaremakamashi ajiya ikontashoshi da manufofin gudanarwa na iskar gida daajiyar makamashin hasken rana, ajiyar makamashi na cikin gida zai sami ci gaba mai fashewa.

A cewar kididdiga dagaBatirin LithiumCibiyar Bincike na Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu ta Fasaha, na gidabaturin ajiyar makamashijigilar kayayyaki za su kai 48GWh a cikin 2021, haɓakar shekara-shekara na sau 2.6;na wane ikobaturin ajiyar makamashijigilar kayayyaki za su kasance 29GWh, karuwar shekara-shekara na sau 4.39 idan aka kwatanta da 6.6GWh a cikin 2020.

A lokaci guda, damakamashi ajiyaHar ila yau masana'antu suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa a hanya: a cikin 2021, farashi na gababatirin lithiumya yi tashin gwauron zabo kuma ƙarfin samar da batir ya kasance mai ƙarfi, wanda ya haifar da haɓakar farashin tsarin maimakon faɗuwa;gida da wajeajiyar makamashi baturi lithiumTashoshin wutar lantarki na faruwa lokaci-lokaci suna kama da wuta tare da fashewa, wanda ke da aminci ba za a iya kawar da hatsarori gaba ɗaya ba;Samfuran kasuwancin cikin gida ba su cika balagagge ba, kamfanoni ba sa son saka hannun jari, kuma ajiyar makamashi “nauyi mai nauyi akan aiki”, kuma lamarin kadarorin da ba su da aiki ya zama ruwan dare;Lokacin daidaitawar kuzarin makamashi galibi shine sa'o'i 2, kuma babban adadin iskar manyan ƙarfi da grid ɗin hasken rana ana haɗa su zuwa 4 Buƙatun ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci sama da awa ɗaya yana ƙara zama cikin gaggawa…

Gabaɗaya yanayin nunin ɗimbin nunin fasahar ajiyar makamashi, ana sa ran ƙarfin shigar da fasahar adana makamashin da ba ta lithium-ion ba.

Idan aka kwatanta da manufofin da suka gabata, "Shirin Aiwatarwa" ya rubuta ƙarin game da saka hannun jari da nunin ɗimbin yawamakamashi ajiyafasahohi, kuma a bayyane ya ambaci inganta hanyoyin fasaha daban-daban kamar batirin sodium-ion, baturan gubar-carbon, batura masu gudana, da ajiyar makamashi na hydrogen (ammonia).Binciken ƙira.Na biyu, hanyoyin fasaha irin su 100-megawatt matsa lamba na makamashin iska, 100-megawatt kwarara baturi, sodium ion, m-state.batirin lithium-ion,da batirin karfen ruwa sune mahimman kwatance na binciken kayan aikin fasaha a cikinmakamashi ajiyamasana'antu a lokacin Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na 14th.

Gabaɗaya, "Shirin Aiwatarwa" yana fayyace ka'idodin ci gaba na gama-gari amma bambance-bambancen nunin iri-irimakamashi ajiyahanyoyin fasaha, kuma kawai ya ƙayyade burin tsarawa na rage farashin tsarin da fiye da 30% a cikin 2025. Wannan yana ba da dama ga zaɓin takamaiman hanya ga 'yan wasan kasuwa, kuma ci gaba da bunkasa makamashin makamashi na gaba zai zama farashi- da kasuwa- bukatar-daidaitacce.Akwai dalilai guda biyu a bayan kafa ka'idojin.

Na farko, hauhawar farashinbatirin lithiumda albarkatun kasa na sama da rashin isasshen ƙarfin samarwa a cikin 2021 sun fallasa haɗarin haɗarin dogaro da kai kan hanyar fasaha guda ɗaya: saurin sakin buƙatun sabbin motocin makamashi, masu kafa biyu, da ajiyar makamashi ya haifar da haɓakar albarkatun ƙasa. farashin da wadata iya aiki.Rashin isasshen, yana haifar da ajiyar makamashi da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke ƙasa "ƙarar ƙarfin samarwa, ɗaukar albarkatun ƙasa".Na biyu, ainihin rayuwar samfuran batirin lithium ba ta daɗe ba, matsalar wuta da fashewa na lokaci-lokaci, kuma sarari don rage farashi yana da wahala a warware shi cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda kuma ya sa ya kasa cika bukatun dukkan makamashi. aikace-aikacen ajiya.Tare da gina sabbin tsarin wutar lantarki, ajiyar makamashi zai zama sabon kayan aikin makamashi wanda babu makawa, kuma mai yuwuwa buƙatar ajiyar wutar lantarki ta duniya ta shiga cikin zamanin TWh.Matsayin samar da batirin lithium na yanzu ba zai iya biyan bukata bamakamashi ajiyakayayyakin more rayuwa na sabon tsarin wutar lantarki a nan gaba.

Na biyu shine ci gaba da haɓakawa na sauran hanyoyin fasaha, kuma ana samun yanayin fasaha don nunin injiniya a yanzu.Ɗauki ma'ajin makamashi na kwararar ruwa wanda aka haskaka a cikin Shirin Aiwatar da shi azaman misali.Idan aka kwatanta da baturan lithium-ion, batura masu gudana ba su da wani canji na lokaci a cikin tsarin amsawa, ana iya yin caji sosai da fitarwa, kuma suna iya jure babban caji da caji.Babban abin da ya fi shahara a cikin batura masu yawo shi ne cewa zagayowar rayuwa tana da tsayi sosai, mafi ƙarancin zai iya zama sau 10,000, kuma wasu hanyoyin fasaha na iya kaiwa fiye da sau 20,000, kuma rayuwar sabis gabaɗaya na iya kaiwa shekaru 20 ko fiye, wanda yake da yawa. dace da babban ikomakamashi mai sabuntawa.Wurin ajiyar makamashi.Tun daga shekarar 2021, Kamfanin Datang, Kamfanin Zuba Jari na Jiha, da Babban Makamin Nukiliya na kasar Sin, da sauran kungiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki, sun fitar da shirye-shiryen gina tashoshin adana makamashin batir mai karfin megawatt 100.Kashi na farko namakamashi ajiyakololuwar askitashar wutar lantarkiaikin ya shiga matakin ƙaddamar da tsarin guda ɗaya, yana nuna cewa batirin kwarara yana da yuwuwar fasahar nunin megawatt 100.

Ta fuskar balagaggen fasaha,baturi lithium-ionhar yanzu suna gaban sauransabbin ma'ajiyar makamashidangane da tasirin sikelin da tallafin masana'antu, don haka akwai babban yuwuwar cewa har yanzu za su kasance manyan sabbin abubuwamakamashi ajiyashigarwa a cikin shekaru 5-10 masu zuwa.Koyaya, ana sa ran cikakken ma'auni da ma'auni na dangi na hanyoyin ajiyar makamashin da ba na lithium-ion ba.Sauran hanyoyin fasaha, irin su batir sodium-ion, iska mai matsewamakamashi ajiya, batirin gubar-carbon, da baturan iska-karfe, ana sa ran za su karu a farashin saka hannun jari na farko, farashin kWh, aminci, da sauransu.baturi lithium-ion.

Mai da hankali kan yanayin aikace-aikacen, buƙatar ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci ana tsammanin samun nasara mai inganci.

Dangane da lokacin ajiyar makamashi, yanayin aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi za a iya rarraba kusan zuwa wurin ajiyar makamashi na ɗan gajeren lokaci (<1 hour), matsakaici da dogon lokacin ajiyar makamashi (awanni 1-4), da ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci (≥4). sa'o'i, kuma wasu ƙasashen waje suna ayyana ≥8 hours) ) rukuni uku.A halin yanzu, aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi na cikin gida sun fi mayar da hankali ne a cikin ajiyar makamashi na ɗan gajeren lokaci da matsakaici da kuma ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci.Saboda dalilai kamar farashin saka hannun jari, fasaha da tsarin kasuwanci, kasuwar adana makamashi na dogon lokaci har yanzu tana kan matakin noma.

A sa'i daya kuma, kasashen da suka ci gaba da suka hada da Amurka da Birtaniya sun fitar da jerin tallafin manufofi da tsare-tsare na fasaha na fasahar adana makamashi na dogon lokaci, ciki har da "Taswirar Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka" ta "Tabbatar Ma'aikatar Makamashi Mai Girma". , da tsare-tsaren Sashen Kasuwanci, Makamashi da Dabarun Masana'antu na Burtaniya.Bayar da fam miliyan 68 don tallafawa aikin nunin hanyar fasahar adana makamashi ta ƙasar na dogon lokaci.Baya ga jami'an gwamnati, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasashen waje suma suna daukar matakai kamar kwamitin adana makamashi na dogon lokaci.Ƙungiyoyin 25 na kasa da kasa na makamashi, fasaha, da kuma kayan aikin jama'a ne suka ƙaddamar da ƙungiyar ciki har da Microsoft, BP, Siemens, da dai sauransu, kuma tana ƙoƙarin tura 85TWh-140TWh na na'urorin ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci a duniya ta 2040, tare da zuba jari na US $ 1.5. tiriliyan zuwa tiriliyan 3.Dala.

Malami Zhang Huamin na kwalejin Dahua na kwalejin kimiyyar kasar Sin ya bayyana cewa, bayan shekarar 2030, a cikin sabon tsarin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin gida, za a kara yawan adadin makamashin da ake sabuntawa da ke da alaka da grid, da rawar da ake takawa wajen tsara kololuwar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da kayyade mita. za a tura shi zuwa tashoshin wutar lantarki.A cikin ci gaba da yanayin ruwan sama, saboda raguwa mai yawa a cikin ikon shigar da na'urorin wutar lantarki na thermal, don tabbatar da aminci da kwanciyar hankali na sabon tsarin wutar lantarki, kawai sa'o'i 2-4 na lokacin ajiyar makamashi ba zai iya biyan buƙatun amfani da makamashin lantarki ba. sifili-carbon al'umma kwata-kwata, kuma yana daukan lokaci mai tsawo.Thetashar wutar lantarki ta ajiyar makamashiyana ba da ƙarfin da ake buƙata ta hanyar grid.

Wannan "Shirin Aiwatarwa" yana kashe ƙarin tawada don jaddada bincike da nunin aikin fasaha na adana makamashi na dogon lokaci: "Fadada aikace-aikacen nau'ikan ajiyar makamashi daban-daban.Haɗe tare da yanayin albarkatu na yankuna daban-daban da kuma buƙatar nau'ikan makamashi daban-daban, haɓaka ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci, Gina sabbin ayyukan ajiyar makamashi kamar ajiyar makamashin hydrogen, ajiyar makamashi na thermal (sanyi), da sauransu zai haɓaka ci gaba. na nau'ikan ajiyar makamashi daban-daban., Iron-chromium kwarara baturi, zinc-Australia kwarara baturi da sauran masana'antu aikace-aikace", "Sabunta makamashi samar da hydrogen ajiya (ammonia), hydrogen-lantarki hada biyu da sauran hadaddun makamashi nuni aikace-aikace".Ana sa ran cewa a cikin lokacin shirin shekaru biyar na 14, matakin haɓaka manyan ƙarfin masana'antu na adana makamashi na dogon lokaci irin su hydrogen (ammonia) ajiyar makamashi, ya kwarara.baturikuma ci-gaba da matsawa iska zai tashi sosai.

Mayar da hankali kan magance manyan matsaloli a cikin fasahar sarrafa wayo, kuma ana sa ran haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa da fasahar sadarwa da na'urori za su haɓaka, waɗanda za su amfana da cikakkiyar masana'antar sabis na makamashi.

A da, tsarin gine-ginen tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya ya kasance na tsarin sarkar na yau da kullun, kuma ana samun samar da wutar lantarki da sarrafa nauyin wutar lantarki ta hanyar turawa ta tsakiya.A cikin sabon tsarin wutar lantarki, sabon samar da wutar lantarki shine babban abin da ake fitarwa.Ƙarfafa haɓakawa a gefen fitarwa yana sa ba zai yiwu a iya sarrafawa da kuma tsinkaya daidai akan buƙatun ba, kuma tasirin amfani da wutar lantarki ya haifar da yaduwa da yawa na sababbin motocin makamashi da ajiyar makamashi a gefen kaya yana da yawa.Siffar bayyane ita ce tsarin grid ɗin wutar lantarki yana haɗe zuwa manyan hanyoyin wutar lantarki da aka rarraba da kuma sassauƙan halin yanzu kai tsaye.A cikin wannan mahallin, za a canza ra'ayin turawa na gargajiya na tsakiya zuwa haɗin haɗin tushen, hanyar sadarwa, kaya da ajiya, da yanayin daidaitawa mai sassauƙa.Don gane da canji, da digitization, da bayanai da kuma hankali na duk bangarori na iko da makamashi batutuwa ne fasaha da ba za a iya kauce masa.

Adana makamashi wani bangare ne na sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi a nan gaba.A halin yanzu, haɗa kayan masarufi da fasahar sadarwa da fasahar sadarwa da sauran software sun fi fice: tashoshin wutar lantarki da ake da su ba su da isasshen bincike kan haɗarin tsaro da sarrafa tsarin sarrafa batir, gano da yawa, ɓarna bayanai, jinkirin bayanai, da asarar bayanai.Fahimtar gazawar bayanai;yadda za a iya daidaitawa yadda ya kamata da tattarawa da sarrafa kayan aiki na kayan aikin ajiyar makamashi na gefen mai amfani, ba da damar masu amfani don samun ƙarin fa'ida ta hanyar masana'antar wutar lantarki mai kama da shiga cikin ma'amalar kasuwar wutar lantarki;Fasahar bayanai na dijital kamar manyan bayanai, blockchain, ƙididdigar girgije, da kadarorin ajiyar makamashi Matsayin haɗin kai yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan, hulɗar tsakanin ajiyar makamashi da sauran hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki yana da rauni, da fasaha da samfuri don nazarin bayanai da ma'adinai. na ƙarin darajar ba su girma.Tare da shahara da sikelin ajiyar makamashi a cikin Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na 14, ƙididdiga, ba da labari da buƙatun kulawa da hankali na tsarin ajiyar makamashi zai kai matakin gaggawa.

A cikin wannan mahallin, "Shirin Aiwatarwa" ya ƙaddara cewa za a dauki fasahar sarrafa fasaha na ajiyar makamashi a matsayin daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyi guda uku don magance manyan matsalolin sababbin fasahar ajiyar makamashi da kayan aiki a lokacin shirin na shekaru biyar na 14, wanda ya dace da yanayin da ake ciki. musamman ya haɗa da "maɓalli mai mahimmanci na magance manyan fasahohi na babban tsarin ajiyar makamashi mai tarin yawa na sarrafa haɗin gwiwar fasaha"., gudanar da bincike a kan haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar tsarin ajiyar makamashi da aka rarraba, da kuma mayar da hankali kan magance matsalolin sarrafa grid da ke haifar da babban rabo na sabon makamashi.Dogaro da manyan bayanai, ƙididdigar girgije, hankali na wucin gadi, blockchain da sauran fasahohi, aiwatar da sake amfani da kayan aiki da yawa na ajiyar makamashi, Bincike kan mahimman fasahohin a cikin fagagen amsawar buƙatu, tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi na zahiri, ajiyar makamashi na girgije, da kasuwa- ma'amaloli masu tushe."Ƙirƙirar ƙididdigewa, ba da labari da hankali na ajiyar makamashi a nan gaba zai dogara ne akan balagaggen fasahar aikawa da basirar makamashi a fannoni daban-daban.